feat: persist probe quality and notification outbox

backend/app/core/deps.py

@@ -22,7 +22,12 @@ async def get_db() -> AsyncGenerator[AsyncSession, None]:
 
 
 async def init_db():
-    """创建所有表"""
-    from app.models.device import Base
+    """Apply non-destructive schema upgrades before creating missing tables."""
+    from app.models import Base
+    from migrations.versions.20260803_reliability_monitoring import (
+        run_reliability_migration,
+    )
+
     async with engine.begin() as conn:
+        await conn.run_sync(run_reliability_migration)
         await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.create_all)

backend/app/models/__init__.py

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
-from .device import Device, DeviceTypeEnum
+from .device import Base, Device, DeviceMonitoringPolicy, DeviceTypeEnum
 from .ping_record import PingRecord
 from .alert_event import AlertEvent, AlertTypeEnum
+from .notification_outbox import NotificationOutbox, NotificationStatus
 from .user import User, UserRoleEnum
 
 __all__ = [
-    "Device", "DeviceTypeEnum",
+    "Base",
+    "Device", "DeviceMonitoringPolicy", "DeviceTypeEnum",
     "PingRecord",
     "AlertEvent", "AlertTypeEnum",
+    "NotificationOutbox", "NotificationStatus",
     "User", "UserRoleEnum",
 ]

backend/app/models/alert_event.py

@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 import enum
 from datetime import datetime
-from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, Boolean, DateTime, BigInteger, Enum
+from sqlalchemy import BigInteger, Boolean, Column, DateTime, Enum, Integer, String
 from .device import Base
 
 
+PRIMARY_KEY_TYPE = BigInteger().with_variant(Integer, "sqlite")
+
+
 class AlertTypeEnum(str, enum.Enum):
     offline = "offline"           # 设备离线
+    degraded = "degraded"         # 设备丢包故障
     recovered = "recovered"       # 设备恢复
     system = "system"             # 系统告警（如上游断网检测）
 
@@ -14,7 +18,7 @@ class AlertEvent(Base):
     """告警事件表"""
     __tablename__ = "alert_events"
 
-    id = Column(BigInteger, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    id = Column(PRIMARY_KEY_TYPE, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
     device_id = Column(Integer, nullable=False, index=True, comment="关联设备 ID")
     alert_type = Column(Enum(AlertTypeEnum), nullable=False, comment="告警类型")
     message = Column(String(1024), default="", comment="告警消息摘要")
@@ -26,6 +30,14 @@ class AlertEvent(Base):
 
     is_resolved = Column(Boolean, default=False, comment="是否已恢复")
     notification_sent = Column(Boolean, default=False, comment="是否已发送通知")
+    notification_attempts = Column(Integer, default=0, comment="通知尝试次数")
+    last_notification_error = Column(
+        String(512),
+        nullable=True,
+        comment="最近一次通知失败原因",
+    )
+    previous_status = Column(String(16), nullable=True, comment="状态变更前状态")
+    current_status = Column(String(16), nullable=True, comment="状态变更后状态")
     acknowledged_at = Column(DateTime, nullable=True, comment="用户确认时间")
 
     created_at = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.now, comment="创建时间")

backend/app/models/device.py

@@ -1,8 +1,14 @@
 import enum
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from datetime import datetime
-from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, Float, Boolean, DateTime, Enum, Text
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from sqlalchemy import Boolean, Column, DateTime, Enum, Float, Integer, String
 from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from app.config import Settings
+
 
 class Base(DeclarativeBase):
     pass
@@ -16,6 +22,56 @@ class DeviceTypeEnum(str, enum.Enum):
     other = "other"           # 其他
 
 
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class DeviceMonitoringPolicy:
+    """Resolved monitoring thresholds for one device.
+
+    Nullable device fields intentionally inherit the runtime defaults so a
+    configuration change can apply to devices that do not need exceptions.
+    """
+
+    probe_packets_per_round: int
+    offline_consecutive_rounds: int
+    degraded_window_rounds: int
+    degraded_loss_percent: float
+    recovery_consecutive_clean_rounds: int
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_device(
+        cls,
+        device: "Device",
+        settings: "Settings",
+    ) -> "DeviceMonitoringPolicy":
+        """Resolve device overrides without changing the stored device."""
+        return cls(
+            probe_packets_per_round=(
+                device.probe_packets_per_round
+                if device.probe_packets_per_round is not None
+                else settings.probe_packets_per_round
+            ),
+            offline_consecutive_rounds=(
+                device.offline_consecutive_rounds
+                if device.offline_consecutive_rounds is not None
+                else settings.offline_consecutive_rounds
+            ),
+            degraded_window_rounds=(
+                device.degraded_window_rounds
+                if device.degraded_window_rounds is not None
+                else settings.degraded_window_rounds
+            ),
+            degraded_loss_percent=(
+                device.degraded_loss_percent
+                if device.degraded_loss_percent is not None
+                else settings.degraded_loss_percent
+            ),
+            recovery_consecutive_clean_rounds=(
+                device.recovery_consecutive_clean_rounds
+                if device.recovery_consecutive_clean_rounds is not None
+                else settings.recovery_consecutive_clean_rounds
+            ),
+        )
+
+
 class Device(Base):
     __tablename__ = "devices"
 
@@ -32,8 +88,39 @@ class Device(Base):
     alert_threshold = Column(Integer, default=5, comment="连续失败次数判离线")
     is_enabled = Column(Boolean, default=True, comment="是否启用监控")
 
+    # 设备级监测策略覆盖；NULL 时使用运行环境中的全局默认值。
+    probe_packets_per_round = Column(
+        Integer,
+        nullable=True,
+        comment="单轮探测发包数覆盖",
+    )
+    offline_consecutive_rounds = Column(
+        Integer,
+        nullable=True,
+        comment="连续全丢包离线轮数覆盖",
+    )
+    degraded_window_rounds = Column(
+        Integer,
+        nullable=True,
+        comment="故障丢包滑动窗口轮数覆盖",
+    )
+    degraded_loss_percent = Column(
+        Float,
+        nullable=True,
+        comment="故障丢包率阈值覆盖",
+    )
+    recovery_consecutive_clean_rounds = Column(
+        Integer,
+        nullable=True,
+        comment="连续零丢包恢复轮数覆盖",
+    )
+
     # 运行状态
-    current_status = Column(String(16), default="unknown", comment="当前状态: online/offline/unknown")
+    current_status = Column(
+        String(16),
+        default="unknown",
+        comment="当前状态: online/degraded/offline/unknown",
+    )
     consecutive_failures = Column(Integer, default=0, comment="当前连续失败次数")
     last_ping_time = Column(DateTime, nullable=True, comment="最后一次 ping 时间")
     last_online_time = Column(DateTime, nullable=True, comment="最后一次在线时间")

backend/app/models/notification_outbox.py

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+"""Durable delivery queue for alert notifications."""
+
+import enum
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from sqlalchemy import BigInteger, Column, DateTime, Enum, Index, Integer, String, Text
+
+from .device import Base
+
+
+PRIMARY_KEY_TYPE = BigInteger().with_variant(Integer, "sqlite")
+
+
+class NotificationStatus(str, enum.Enum):
+    """Lifecycle states for a notification delivery attempt."""
+
+    pending = "pending"
+    sending = "sending"
+    sent = "sent"
+    failed = "failed"
+
+
+class NotificationOutbox(Base):
+    """A notification retained until a dispatcher records its final outcome."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "notification_outbox"
+
+    id = Column(PRIMARY_KEY_TYPE, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    alert_event_id = Column(BigInteger, nullable=False, index=True, comment="关联告警事件 ID")
+    message_content = Column(Text, nullable=False, comment="待发送的脱敏消息摘要")
+    delivery_scope = Column(String(256), nullable=True, comment="受控投递范围摘要")
+    status = Column(
+        Enum(NotificationStatus),
+        nullable=False,
+        default=NotificationStatus.pending,
+        server_default=NotificationStatus.pending.value,
+        comment="投递状态",
+    )
+    attempt_count = Column(Integer, nullable=False, default=0, comment="投递尝试次数")
+    next_attempt_at = Column(DateTime, nullable=True, comment="下次允许投递时间")
+    locked_at = Column(DateTime, nullable=True, comment="投递器领取时间")
+    sent_at = Column(DateTime, nullable=True, comment="成功投递时间")
+    last_error = Column(String(512), nullable=True, comment="最近一次投递错误摘要")
+    created_at = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.now, nullable=False, comment="创建时间")
+    updated_at = Column(
+        DateTime,
+        default=datetime.now,
+        onupdate=datetime.now,
+        nullable=False,
+        comment="更新时间",
+    )
+
+    __table_args__ = (
+        Index("idx_notification_outbox_status_next_attempt", "status", "next_attempt_at"),
+    )

backend/app/models/ping_record.py

@@ -1,18 +1,32 @@
 from datetime import datetime
-from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, Float, Boolean, DateTime, BigInteger
+from sqlalchemy import BigInteger, Boolean, Column, DateTime, Float, Index, Integer, String
 from .device import Base
 
 
+PRIMARY_KEY_TYPE = BigInteger().with_variant(Integer, "sqlite")
+
+
 class PingRecord(Base):
     """单次 ping 结果记录"""
     __tablename__ = "ping_records"
 
-    id = Column(BigInteger, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    id = Column(PRIMARY_KEY_TYPE, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
     device_id = Column(Integer, nullable=False, index=True)
     is_alive = Column(Boolean, nullable=False, comment="是否通")
     response_time_ms = Column(Float, nullable=True, comment="响应时间毫秒，不通则为 NULL")
     round_num = Column(Integer, nullable=False, comment="轮次编号（从 1 递增）")
     created_at = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.now, index=True, comment="记录时间")
 
+    sent_count = Column(Integer, nullable=True, comment="本轮发包数")
+    received_count = Column(Integer, nullable=True, comment="本轮收包数")
+    packet_loss_percent = Column(Float, nullable=True, comment="本轮丢包率百分比")
+    average_rtt_ms = Column(Float, nullable=True, comment="本轮平均时延毫秒")
+    is_valid = Column(Boolean, nullable=False, default=True, comment="探测结果是否有效")
+    failure_reason = Column(String(512), nullable=True, comment="无效探测的原因")
+
+    __table_args__ = (
+        Index("idx_ping_records_device_created_at", "device_id", "created_at"),
+    )
+
     def __repr__(self):
         return f"<PingRecord(device={self.device_id}, alive={self.is_alive}, rtt={self.response_time_ms})>"